Writing Algebraic Expressions

Algebraic expressions are the phrases used in algebra to combine one or more variables (represented by letters), constants, and the operational ( - x / ) symbols.  Algebraic expressions, however, dont have an equals () sign. When working in algebra, you will need to change words and phrases into some form of mathematical language. For instance, think about the word sum. What comes to your mind? Usually, when we hear the word sum, we think of addition or the total of adding numbers. When you have gone grocery shopping, you get a receipt with the sum of your grocery bill. The prices have been added together to give you the sum. In algebra, when you hear the sum of 35 and n we know it refers to addition and we think 35 n. Lets try a few phrases and turn them into algebraic expressions for addition. Testing Knowledge of Mathematical Phrasing for Addition Use the following questions and answers to help your student learn the correct way to formulate Algebraic expressions based on mathematical phrasing: Question: Write seven plus n as an Algebraic expression.Answer: 7 nQuestion: What Algebraic expression is used to mean add seven and n.Answer: 7 nQuestion: What expression is used to mean a number increased by eight.Answer: n 8 or 8 nQuestion: Write an expression for the sum of a number and 22.  Answer: n 22 or 22 n As you can tell, all of the questions above deal with Algebraic expressions that deal with the addition  of numbers — remember to think addition when you hear or read the words add, plus, increase or sum, as the resulting Algebraic expression will require the addition sign (). Understanding Algebraic Expressions with Subtraction Unlike with  addition  expressions, when we hear words that refer to subtraction, the order of numbers cannot be changed. Remember 47 and 74 will result in the same answer but 4-7 and 7-4 in subtraction do not have the same results. Lets try a few phrases and turn them into algebraic expressions for subtraction: Question: Write seven less n as an Algebraic expression.Answer: 7 - nQuestion: What expression can be used to represent eight minus n?Answer: 8 - nQuestion: Write a number decreased by 11 as an Algebraic expression.Answer: n - 11 (You cant change the order.)Question: How can you express the expression two times the difference between n and five?Answer: 2 (n-5) Remember to think subtraction when you hear or read the following: minus, less, decrease, diminished by or difference. Subtraction tends to  cause students greater difficulty than addition, so its important to be sure to refer these terms of subtraction to ensure students understand. Other Forms of Algebraic Expressions Multiplication, division, exponentials, and parentheticals are all part of the ways in which Algebraic expressions function, all of which follow an order of operations when presented together. This order then defines the manner in which students solve the equation to get variables to one side of the equals sign and only real numbers on the other side. Like with addition and subtraction, each of these other forms of value manipulation come with their own terms that help identify which type of operation their Algebraic expression is performing — words like times and multiplied by trigger multiplication while words like over, divided by, and split into equal groups denote division expressions. Once students learn these four basic forms of Algebraic expressions, they can then begin to form expressions that contain exponentials (a number multiplied by itself a designated number of times) and parentheticals (Algebraic phrases which must be solved before performing the next function in the phrase). An example of an exponential expression with parentheticals would be 2x​2 2(x-2).

Fritz Lang Final Scene Analysis - 897 Words

The Serial Killer and the Criminals In the final scene of the 1931 crime drama, M (dir. Fritz Lang), the child serial killer Hans Beckert (Peter Lorre) is finally captured and put on trial by the criminal network of the city. Finally surrounded and forced to deal with his crimes, this scene slowly shows Bekert’s unraveling as he loses all sense of control, submitting to the crowd of criminals surrounding him. By using elements of mise en scà ¨ne such as setting, blocking, and acting style, the scene shows both Berket’s continual rise and fall of hope compared to the determination and absolute control of the criminals. The scene is based in the underground of an abandoned factory, Bekert pushed down the stairs into a decaying and dark†¦show more content†¦Bekert begins to lose himself again, panic filling his face, but is brought back by judges and is forced to turn around again, this time revealing a picture of each of his victim. The reverse shots of Bekert and the picture show ranging expressions of panic, first jumping back, second taking a fist to his mouth in shock, and third running for the door. The movement of Bekert causes a reaction from the crowd and guards, who force him back down the stairs in a chaotic struggle. By allowing the rise and fall of Bekert’s emotions from calm, to shock, to complete panic, a pattern is established for the remainder of the scene and supports the control the criminals have over Bekert’s fate. Degradingly, Bekert is thrown to the ground onto a pile of wood, shown in a high angle shot as the crowd yells at him. The crowd is silenced by the judges, the lead judge voice overlaying a tracking medium shot of all the other panel members as he explains their relation to the wall. This shot reveals the history and stoic personalities of the people Bekert is now up against, revealing how he will not be able to persuade them of his innocence and how they will not accept any fate for him besides death. Bekert attempts to yell back at them, but is silenced again by an offscreen handShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Utopia And Dystopia1672 Words   |  7 PagesFilms may also incorporate a subliminal message to the reader through background music used in different scenes. Displaying utopian and dystopian societies through film leaves some imagination to the audience while allowing them to visually compare with the real world around them. For the purpose of exploring aspects of utopia and dystopia through films, I have chosen the films Metropolis by Fritz Lang (1927) and the episode Nosedive from the television show Black Mirror (2016). 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesproduction specialists, editorial personnel, and marketing and sales staff. More than one hundred instructors reviewed parts or all of Organizational Behavior, Fifteenth Edition. Their comments, compliments, and suggestions have significantly improved the final product. The authors wish to thank John D. Kammeyer-Mueller of the University of Florida for help with several key aspects of this revision. 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Analysis of Commercial Bank Balance Sheet Free Essays

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION_ OF COMMERCIAL BANK_ *â€Å"Banks and other deposit taking institutions are financial intermediaries whose assets consist overwhelmingly of loans to a wide variety of borrowers and whose liabilities consist overwhelmingly of deposits. † THE ECONOMICS OF MONEY BANKING AND FINANCE 3rd* Edition PETER HOWELLS KEITH BAIN Pg 32 A sound system of banking is very important for any economy. Commercial banks are directly related to the payment system of the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Commercial Bank Balance Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally most commercial banks are controlled by the central bank of that particular country. The central bank can never allow the banking system to fail because if banks start to fail the payment system will fail. They may allow some banks to fail but the government will never allow big banks or the whole payment system to collapse. This is very evident from the recent where government have pumped in huge amount of money to save the so called â€Å"too big to fail† banks. Banks helps in the payment services through various kinds of deposits, debit cards and credit cards ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL BANK BALANCE SHEET For my assignment I have picked up Lloyds TSB as my bank. Lloyds TSB is one of the four biggest bank in the UK. I have taken 2007 annual report as the group has published only the 2008 interim report. The second item which we see in Lloyds TSB balance sheet is loan and advances to banks. It reflects the interbank relationship. This figure has fallen for most of the commercial bank and also for Lloyds TSB there is an decrease of 16. 50%. This is due to the financial crisis which has hit banking sector very badly and many banks have failed as a result. Llyods TSB gives loans to customer just like any other commercial bank and bank charge an interest for giving loans which is higher than the interest on deposit. But there is always a default risk attached with the loan which the bank gives. Commercial Banks gives different kinds of loans starting from mortgage, education loan, overdraft facility etc. In case of Lloyds TSB mortgage comes out to be 48. 4% of loans to customer. And thing we should bear in mind is that mortgage are long term loan and it can be for 30 years as well. Customer Accounts got an increase of 11% and there is an increase of 11% from 2006 to 2007. LIABILITIES OF LLOYDS TSB Lloyds TSB is also having some fixed deposit like Certificates of deposit. In these deposits customers cannot withdraw there money before a specified time and they also receive some interest as well. Second are the commercial papers which are unsecured promissory notes to meet short term obligations. Certificate of Deposit comes to around 14,995 million GBP and commercial paper is 17,388 million GBP for Lloyds TSB. Lloyds TSB is also having reserves after paying reserves. This reserve can be used in case of emergency or any unexpected risks The main risks that commercial banks face due to their exposure to different kinds of assets and liabilities are liquidity risks, market risk and credit risk. Lloyds TSB faces liquidity risk because of deposit in central bank. They have a deposit of 4330 million GBP. This means that they cannot give this amount as loans because it’s stuck with the central bank. This amount has increased considerably from 2006 to 2007. The bank faces liquidity risk because of their mismatch in assets and liabilities side. The group liquidity risk exposure is 33,185 million GBP. The main sources of liquidity risk for the bank are deposits from banks and customer accounts. As we seen above the assets of Lloyds TSB are long term whereas the liabilities are short term. The commercial bank is the main source of payment service in any economy. Whenever bank gives loan they are exposed to default risk. Default risk arises whenever a company or individual is unable to meets its obligation on interest or principle payment of the loan. The bank faces asymmetric information problem as well. Though the bank does proper due diligence before giving out any loans but asymmetric information problem cannot be ruled out with any banks at all. Due to asymmetric information we have adverse selection and moral hazard problem. Adverse selection problem comes to picture before entering into the transaction. In short the bank has to filter the good borrowers and the bad borrowers. Sometimes the bank may give loan to the bad borrowers and may suffer of this. Though banks have put checks like credit history before making out the loan but adverse selection problem cannot be neglected completely. The other problem which is created because of asymmetric information is moral hazard problem. The moral hazard problem starts after the bank has sanctioned the loan. Borrowers may get into undesirable activities. The main objective for which the loan was sanctioned may never get fulfilled. The other side of moral hazard problem is the conflict of interest between the borrower and the bank. Borrowers may try to act on their interest rather than the interest of the bank. Banks like Lloyds TSB can overcome the problems of adverse selection and moral hazards if they have proper check and control on their customers but rarely any bank achieves 100% success in these problems. These are two most important risks which any financial intermediary faces in order to serve their most important duty i. e. ayment services to the economy. Just like any other financial institution the group also faces credit risk. {text:bookmark-start} â€Å"Credit risk {text:bookmark-end} is risk due to uncertainty in a counterparty’s (also called an {text:bookmark-start} obligor {text:bookmark-end} ‘s or {text:bookmark-start} credit’s {text:bookmark-end} ) ability to meet its obligations. Because there are many types of counterparties—from individuals to sovereign governments—and many different types of obligations—from auto loans to derivatives transactions—credit risk takes many forms. † (www. riskglossary. om). After the group’s acquisition of Halifax of Scotland, the credit rating of the bank has come down. In order to counter credit risk credit rating plays a very important role. The group exposure to credit risk is 356,860 million GBP. PART 2 Asset Liability Management â€Å"The ALM group within a bank has been concerned with control of interest rate risk on the balance sheet. For some bank it may be equally important to manage interest rate risk arising from off balance sheet, but it is instructive to look at the traditional methods and progress to the relatively new procedures. (HEFFERNAN, SHELAGH A. 2005) Moreover banks have mismatch in maturity of their asset and liability. Banks use asset liability management to manage interest rate risk, market risk and credit risk. Let’s take an example where all deposits are on fixed rate of interest but all loans are made on floating rate of interest. Commercial banks mainly use three types of markets to cover these risks. These are money market, capital market and derivative market. Capital Market is generally used by large companies or governments to raise funds for the long period. Capital market can be of two types like primary market, securities are traded for the first time and secondary market, and in this securities are traded after they are traded in the primary market. Another subdivision of capital market is bond market and stock market. There are various stock market around the world like London Stock Exchange, whereas bond market includes different kinds of bonds like government bonds (US Treasury bills), foreign bonds etc. One of the most important changes in this market is the development of asset backed securities. text:bookmark-start} â€Å"Securitization {text:bookmark-end} is a financial transaction in which assets are pooled and securities representing interests in the pool are issued†. (http://www. riskglossary. com/) When securitization is backed by any assets such as student loan, mortgages this becomes asset backed security. Lloyds TSB also securitizes its assets in order to overcome its liquidity problem. The process of securitizati on has become quite complex with the introduction of Collateralized Debt Obligation, Collateralized Loan Obligation etc. And these complex securities are the heart of the financial crisis. Lloyds TSB is not having much exposure to these complex securities. Banks get into off balance sheet activities to get more profit. It helps the bank to get fee income. One more advantage of off balance sheet activity is that it does not appear into the balance sheet of the bank. The derivative market is also used by the bank to hedge their risks. â€Å"By their nature, derivatives instruments can be used for hedging different types of risks. Owing to this, banks and insurance companies use derivatives in the management of their Asset Liability Management† (Cornelius Nandyal, 2001). The derivative market is going through lot of new changes. Regulators are trying to put lot of new regulations in order to bring transparency. Banks use interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swap, credit linked notes etc. But different people have different views on derivatives. According to Warren Buffet derivatives are weapon of mass destruction and can act as time bombs in the future. Whereas Alan Greenspan says â€Å"Derivatives have permitted the unbundling of financial risks. Because risks can be unbundled, individual financial instruments now can be analyzed in terms of their common underlying risk factors, and risks can be managed on a portfolio basis†. Banks have also used money market for asset liability management. The most important organ of the money market is the interbank market. In interbank market banks with surplus lend to bank with deficit. This market is severely hit by the recent financial crisis. Banks don’t know about the financial soundness of the bank to which they are lending. This has increased the liquidity problem of the bank. Other types of market are the gilt repo, commercial paper market and the certificate of deposit market. As we have seen above Lloyds TSB invest in commercial paper and certificate of deposit. Securitization and the Global Financial Crisis DIAGRAMATIC EXPLANATION OF SECURITIZATION: {draw:frame} Source: http://www. usbancortrusteeservices. com/images/ygpa7_chart_offering_structure_ptnm. pg The recent crisis started because of the sub prime mortgage loans that originated in the USA. But these loans were repackaged and sold all round the world, so this crisis which began in USA became a worldwide crisis. Securitization gives banks lot more leverage. The seeds of the recent crisis were sown in when the Federal Reserve made interest rates around 1% and the economy was pumped with lot of cash. Banks started giving these loans as mortgage to the s ub prime customers, without any credit check and at very easy terms and condition. Once interest rate started to increase in 2004, borrowers started to default on their loans. With the increase of interest rates house prices started to come down. Credit rating agencies who gave these securities AAA rating made these securities junk. The assumption on which these rating agencies were working was that house prices will keep raisingin the future as well. â€Å"The combination of low capital requirements imposed on AAA-rated assets and a commonly held perception that they were â€Å"safe,† allowed banks to hold on to any senior tranches that were not sold to investors. But when the structured finance market collapsed in late 2007, the investment banks found themselves holding hundreds of billions of dollars of low-quality asset pools, many of which consisted of leveraged buy-outs loans, subprime mortgages, and bonds from CDO’s in process-that is, where the tranches had not yet been sold to other investors. † (Coval et al, 2008) No one knows the worth of these complex securities which the banks are holding. Banks have stopped lending to each other because no one is sure of how much the other bank is holding. So interbank market is almost closed. How to cite Analysis of Commercial Bank Balance Sheet, Papers

The BFG free essay sample

I wanted to be short when I was younger. No, seriously. I wanted to be the 4’6†, missing-growth-spurt 7th grader who walked down the middle school halls in her size 3 Converse, maybe wearing jeans from the Macy’s kids section. It had always been a dream of mine, I even asked Santa Claus to stop me from growing one year. Now don’t get me wrong, Younger Me knew being tall was cool. I was the designated projector-starter, ceiling fan initiator, and box-carrier of the classroom. I could always be seen regardless of where I was standing and called on first when my hand was two feet above everybody else’s during science class. I could reach all the way across the table for scissors and could kick that pencil that rolled off your desk even if it was in the next aisle. You could say I was talented. It got even more exciting outside of school: I was the only one that could hit the sign hanging from the mall ceiling and was in charge of buying my friends’ PG-13 movie tickets. We will write a custom essay sample on The BFG or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One time in 7th grade someone asked if I was in high school, could you believe it? But as people’s growth spurts began to wind down, and the annual shopping trips were bringing home fewer and fewer clothes, I was still growing. Eventually high school started and I was 5’10†, while my closest friends were far below me in the 5-foot lands. This is when being tall wasn’t too much fun anymore, and the only thing that grew short was my patience. I was still taping posters without using a chair and grabbing boxes off the top shelf, but now my height was an object of criticism. â€Å"Too tall, get in the back.† â€Å"Heels really aren’t the best choice for you tonight.† â€Å"Tall girls like you should be playing basketball or volleyball, not dancing.† That is when I learned that being tall wasn’t exactly a remarkable aspect of my personality anymore. I slipped into a state of shrinking into myself whenever a projector screen needed to be pulled down or hiding in the back of the group during PE because – even though I was tall – I wasn’t really that good at basketball. I dreaded the regular general admission concert in New York City, as all I could expect was the all-too-familiar shoulder tap. I was intimidatingly lanky, and people strayed from such a drastic height difference, never considering that maybe I wasn’t the standoffish giant they expected me to be. Everything went from â€Å"Perks of Being a Tall Person† to â€Å"Cons of Being Labeled.† I was the tall kid, certainly not the ambitious kid; I was the quiet kid, not ever the witty kid. I was classified and put aside because of something out of my control and left completely up to genetics. But being tall was so much more th an the absence of a step stool. I was that tall girl you knew in high school, the one with the slightly intimidating height you were always hesitant to talk to. Turns out I wasn’t really that intimidating. In reality I would go out after school to babysit little kids. I’d entertain for hours and hours with the soul of a child, and squeeze into pillow forts meant for 3-year-olds. I may have come off passive or even yielding, but I was just using the same patience as when I taught those after-school preschool dance classes. I was probably completely different than the small personality the school had conditioned me to have, but trust me – I had a personality bigger than the BFG’s. While Younger Me slouched in class and wished vainly that reverse-growing was a possibility, I see the truth in what my height really is: a part of my identity.

3 Sentences with Parenthetical-Phrase Punctuation Problems

3 Sentences with Parenthetical-Phrase Punctuation Problems 3 Sentences with Parenthetical-Phrase Punctuation Problems 3 Sentences with Parenthetical-Phrase Punctuation Problems By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, faulty punctuation confuses the syntactical organization. Discussions and revisions follow each problematic sentence. 1. Documentation, such as white papers, that support model choices, data analysis and other similar assertions, will be necessary to support the elections made. This sentence includes one parenthetical phrase (â€Å"such as white papers†), but it’s punctuated as if another, longer one is embedded after it. However, the segment of the sentence between that phrase and â€Å"will be necessary . . .† is not parenthetical, so no comma is necessary before will: â€Å"Documentation, such as white papers, that support model choices, data analysis and other similar assertions will be necessary to support the elections made.† 2. Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, Hillary Clinton, faces consistent fire from people who oppose her policy positions, including Republican nominee, Donald Trump, and many others. There’s a subtle distinction between an appositive (a word or phrase equivalent in meaning with an adjacent word or phrase) and a simple description. The phrases preceding the names in this sentence are descriptions; simply precede each with the and they become appositives, which are set off parenthetically. But as written, this sentence requires only one comma- the one separating the subordinate clause (beginning with â€Å"as does† from the main clause): â€Å"Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton faces consistent fire from people who oppose her policy positions, including Republican nominee Donald Trump and many others.† 3. Raucous protesters and supporters of Donald Trump violently confronted each other in California leading to twenty arrests as the Republican presidential contender brought his campaign to conservative Orange County. The subordinate clause in this sentence, beginning with â€Å"as the Republican presidential contender,† must be set off by a comma, but an additional comma is required before the parenthetical phrase â€Å"leading to twenty arrests.† The second comma does double duty closing off the parenthetical phrase and setting off the subordinate clause from the main clause: â€Å"Raucous protesters and supporters of Donald Trump violently confronted each other in California, leading to twenty arrests, as the Republican presidential contender brought his campaign to conservative Orange County.† (The second comma is required because the arrests occurred after, not concurrent with, Trump’s arrival.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions10 Techniques for More Precise Writing40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Political Party Ads - Who Pays for Them

Political Party Ads - Who Pays for Them Finding out who pays for political party ads in election season can be tricky. Candidates and committees who purchase political party ads on television and in print are required to disclose their identities. But often times those committees have vague names such as Americans for Prosperity or Americans for a Better Future. Understanding who contributes money to those committees so they can buy political ads is an important function of democracy because the ads play such a large role in elections. Are they conservative or liberal in political philosophy? Do they have a special interest or issue they are trying to influence? It is sometimes difficult to discern what a committees motives are just by watching or reading political ads. Who Pays for Political Party Ads Generally speaking, there are several types of groups that pay for political advertising. They are individual candidate election campaigns such as those for President Barack Obama or 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney; political parties such as the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee; and political action committees or super PACs funded by industries and special interests. Some of the largest special interests in American politics are abortion and gun-control opponents, energy companies and senior citizens. In recent years, though, super PACs have emerged has powerhouses in the electoral process. So have 527 groups and other organizations who seek to exploit weak disclosure laws and spend so-called dark money. How to Tell Who Pays for Political Ads It is easy to tell when an individual political candidate or political party buys airtime for ads. They will disclose their identities, often at the end of the ad. Typically, the wording is This ad was paid for by the committee to re-elect Barack Obama or I am Mitt Romney and I approved this message. Political action committees and super PACs are required to do the same, but they are not required to provide a list of major contributors or identify their special interests on the air. Such information is available only through the committees own websites or through Federal Election Commission records. Those records, called campaign finance reports, include details about how much a political candidate or political party is spending on political ads. Disclosure Controversy Political action committees and super PACs are required by law to list their contributors in disclosures filed regularly in Washington, D.C. Such information can shed light on whether those super PACs are conservative or liberal in nature. But some super PACs exploit a loophole in reporting laws not addressed in the legal case that led to their creation, Citizens United v. the FEC. Super PACs are permitted to accept contributions from nonprofit groups classified as 501[c][4] or social welfare organizations under the Internal Revenue Service tax code. The problem is that under that tax code, 501[c][4] groups are not required to disclose their own contributors. That means they can make contributions to super PACs in the name of the social welfare entity without having to disclose where they themselves got the money. Attempts to close that loophole in Congress have failed. Greater Transparency The Federal Communications Commission requires television stations that get paid to broadcast political ads to keep a record of who bought airtime. Those records are required to be made available for inspection to the public at the stations. The contracts show the which candidates, political committees or special interests are buying political ads, the length and target audience, how much they paid, and when the ads aired. Beginning in August 2012, the FCC also required television stations to post online all contracts with candidates, super PACs and other committees buying airtime for political ads. Those contracts are available at https://stations.fcc.gov.

The Aims of the Arts and Crafts Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Aims of the Arts and Crafts Movement - Essay Example Because of the name and the overall focus of the movement, it might at first be imagined that this artistic vision could only barely touch the architectural styles of the day; however, the Arts and Crafts movement had a profound effect upon the architecture of the latter 1800s. One of its primary aims was to â€Å"render all branches of art the sphere no longer of the tradesman but of the artist. It would restore building, decoration, glass painting, pottery, woodcarving and metal to their right place beside painting and sculpture.† Working within the rather loose boundaries of the Arts and Crafts, Voysey, Baillie Scott and their contemporaries began developing new means of approaching design that hadn’t been considered previously, generating three results that almost immediately impacted the architecture of the time. â€Å"First, and the most obvious, the Arts and Crafts emphasized the artistic potential of everyday objects. Second, vastly higher standards of craftsma nship were applied to these objects, and the ideal of craftsmanship was realized much more widely than had been possible before. †¦ Third, new stress was given to the importance of function in the creation of forms.† Morris’ ideas in promoting this movement included an architectural independence from imposed style in favour of a naturally growing concept. This natural concept emerged from consideration of the surroundings and the needs of the average person. The idea was to keep the form simple and to incorporate and preserve .

Art History, Renaissance through Modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art History, Renaissance through Modern - Essay Example Renaissance was a reaction to the Middle Ages and serve as the foundation for the subsequent Baroque period in Europe. Its etymological meaning is "rebirth" of classical antiquity, pertaining to the revival of arts and sciences after it was diminished because of the emphasis on religion. However, it should be noted the majority of the art work where commissioned either for the Church or by supporters of it (Gombrich, 1995). The period also marked the significance developments in artistic technique which included the development of linear perspective, spatial composition and definition of the proportions for human form. The most notable artist of the period includes Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael as well as Boticelli who while was briefly eclipsed by the first three artists rose to contemporary regard. However, the Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael have been more specifically associated as High Renaissance artists or for the latter Renaissance arts (Stokstad, 2004). One of the Botticelli's portraits, early example, if not more pure examples, of the renaissance style is featured in Figure 1. From the example, the subject, a woman of elite standing, dominates the frame. The figure is limited to the upper half or bust of subject, emphasizing the identity of the individual rather than her form. It is likely that Botticelli positioned the subject in such a way to facilitate the effect of the light coming from what appears to be a window in the background of the painting. The impression derived is that the work was done via formal sitting in studio or small space. In comparison to the other portraits in this paper (see figure 2 and 3), the positioning of the subject provides little detail for the rest of the painting's composition. The dark background with only a hint of a window as detail provides a direct contrast with the subject's red-sleeved dress. The background provides little detail or insight regarding the personality of the subject and essentially on serve to highlight the visual image of the subject. Technique The subject is defined finely from the background. In a similar manner, details on the subject itself are very definite, if not stark. The technique is reflective of the subscription to classical techniques that emphasize form and figure. There are no discernable brushstrokes and colors are mixed smoothly. Also, the portrait in itself is reminiscent of busts in relief since though there is more depth and application of lighting techniques, there little suggestion of movement or interaction with its space. Lighting techniques were used predominantly to create facial characteristics, emphasizing the forehead, nose and chin, again reflective of the classical influence. The features are associated with having strong character or persona and therefore may have been emphasized to communicate the social stature of the subject of the painting. The subject's complicated coiffure and quality of clothing also reinforce this idea. The light used is quiet harsh but not so much that the figure of the subject to seem like it is outdoors. Shadowing and graduations in hue on the body of the subject suggests that the light source has elevated and angled from the window in the back

Digital technology and Education Research Proposal

Digital technology and Education - Research Proposal Example At the same time, the institutions of higher education learning have been challenged to respond to the needs of globalization, as well as the knowledge economy in order to prepare the competencies and skills of the 21st century which require changes in teaching practices and curriculum. This has created demand for competence and more transparent performance and accountability in research and teaching. Nevertheless, some policy makers perceive digital technology as an effective tool that will help in managing most of the changes and will act as a transformative tool in both teaching and learning. The 20th century has witnessed massive globalization of education. For instance, the total high education enrolment worldwide stood at 100 million in 2000s. This was 200 times higher than the enrolment at the beginning of 20th century. The number is estimated to reach 125 million by 2020. This globalization is normally characterized by huge diversification of the student enrolment since even the student from low economic backgrounds can work as part time students. Internationally, there has been massive enrolment of students especially in UK, US, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. The students normally demand flexibility in teaching and learning processes. The traditional school leavers demand more flexibility in their formal education, hence the name â€Å"digital native† grown and matured with the digital technologies and are still surrounded and immersed in digital technologies in their daily activities. Therefore, the current research will investigate the effects of digit al technology on today’s business. Today’s students have not changed just incrementally from the traditional ones but have changed in slang and styles when compared to the previous generations. There has been a big discontinuity that has fundamentally changed things until it is absolutely impossible to go back. This discontinuity

Causal Judgement and Blocking Experiment

Causal Judgement and Blocking Experiment Michael Arruzza Abstract Recent results of studies which aim to gain a greater understanding of how blocking works and the mechanisms involved have led to some conflicting results. Some research suggest that blocking may be the result of assumptions about the additive nature of outcomes. Others think that it may have more to do with associative learning. This experiment investigates blocking in causal learning with human participants with the aim to addresses two main questions. Is blocking affected by encouraging or discouraging assumptions about the additive nature of the outcome? How do the results differ if we separately measure the memory for specific cue-outcome pairings? Results of the study show that there is evidence for both ideas and they may both contribute to the phenomenon of blocking. Introduction A model of the blocking effect was first developed by Kamin in his work with conditioning animals (Kamin, 1969). Kamin identified that training with one cue considerably reduced performance to another cue that was added to the first cue, in a second phase of training. A typical example of blocking would go something like this. Cue A is paired with an effect (A+). In a second phase a compound of two cues, the former cue A and new cue B is paired with the effect (AB+). Decisions on the strength of cue B are effected or â€Å"blocked† by information about the causal relationship of cue A. This has been described as the blocking effect. He theorised that learning may be driven by surprise, if a cue did not provide new information about the contingency between events and the environment it was ignored. Others researchers more recently such as Lovibond (Lovibond P, 2003) have tried to explain blocking in terms of inferential reasoning based upon a relatively simple set of propositions where the observer can deduce though logic that the blocked cue is not a cause of the outcome. Using an allergic reaction to foods as an example this would occur if someone assumed that the patients allergies are additive. When two foods are eaten which cause an allergic reaction they should cause a greater reaction then if only one of the two foods caused a reaction. If one does not observe an increase in the severity of the outcome when B is eaten at the same time as the allergenic food A, then one can deduce that B does not contribute to the allergic reaction. For example if eating a banana causes an allergic reaction rated as 5 and eating a banana and an apple causes a reaction of 5, then the apple has not made the reaction worse and is not the cause of the reaction itself. Lovibond (Lovibond P, 2003) and his colleges also observed that pre-training with explicit instructions that encourage outcome additivity assumption enhance the blocking effect. It is possible that the blocking effect is product of deductive reasoning and it sometimes unreliable response might be due to some participants assuming outcome aditivity while others do not. However a statistically robust blocking effect has still been observed even after explicit non-additive pre-training (Mitchell Chris, 2006). But his blocking effect is significantly smaller than after additive pre-training. In this study done by Mitchell et all multiple blocked use and control cues were implemented. The study only used a non-additive pre-training group and did not include an additive group. This would have been beneficial as it would have been great to contrast the two groups. After non additive pre-training participants were worse off at recalling the outcome associated with the blocked cue. Mitchell goes on to suggest from the data that the blocking effect that has previously been observed after non-additive pre-training may be the result of a non-rational process such as a failure to retrieve the outcome associated with the blocked cue. The ‘blocking affect’ may results from a failure to encode the B–outcome relationship during training. This concept tried to explain blocking as an associative learning theory. This research aims to better understand the blocking phenomenon. In particular to reconcile the two somewhat contradicting explanations outlined above that either blocking is the result of deductive reasoning or it is a part of a failure to encode cue-outcome associations. Is it the product of one of these two ways of thinking about blocking, can they co-exist or are they mutually exclusive? Based on previous research: It is hypothesised that both additive and non-additive groups would show reliable blocking in memory for both groups It is also hypothesised that there will be a weaker causal attribution for blocked cues with additive pre-training Method Participants This trial was done by 120 undergraduate university student who were separated into two groups numbering 60 students in each. Of the sample 78 were female and 42 were male. The mean age of students who participated in the study was 21.7 years of age. Procedure All 120 participants sat a computer trial to determine which foods were causing a hypothetical ‘Mr X’s’ allergic reactions. This initially began with a training phase. On a number of trial participant had to predict whether an allergic reaction would occur by click on of two or three options on the screen. Next participants were then told whether an allergic reaction had occurred and how severe the reaction was on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. This was Stage 1 was done by participants 8 times. In stage 2 compounds were also presented 8 times each. Participants could choose from no reaction, or one of two alternative reactions. In stage 2 a reaction occurred could have a severity of either 5 or 10. Next the 20 cues were presented individually and participants were to make two ratings for each cue. First to pair the cue with the allergic reaction that had occurred. The cues A-H were blocked cues, S-Z overshadowed control cues, and K-N no outcome cues. Next they rated their confidence on a scale of 0-100, 0 being not confident at all and 100 very confident. On the same scale they then rated the extent to which that same cue actually caused the reaction on another rating scale. Assumptions on additive logical reasoning were manipulated on two two levels: One group (Additive pre-training) were given training trials before blocking training, which showed the effects of combining to other allergenic food cues. They also received 3 explicit instructions stating that the addition of two causal cues resulted in a more severe outcome. The other Non-additive pre-training group received the same pre-training except that two options that cause and reaction gave the same medium allergic reaction of 5 as each of these options individually. This group also received explicit instructions stating that the addition of two causal cues resulted in an outcome of the same severity. The purpose of this design is to evaluate if scores show a lower causal rating for the blocked cues than the overshadowing cues. Also whether participants were less accurate in recalling the outcome for the blocked cues than for the overshadowed cues. It’s also to understand the effect of pre-training on blocked and control cues. Results The results of the study indicate that some areas of the study produced statistically significant results while when comparing other groups no statically significant data was found. When comparisons across groups were assessed it would appear that cue type had a significant effect on blocking (F (1,118) = 99.596 p Figure 1: mean memory accuracy across groups which show no significant difference of blocking between different groups. Figure 2: mean causal reasoning which show a significant difference between groups in terms of blocking. Discussion Prior to the conduction of these experiments due to the results of previous studies it is hypothesised that both additive and non-additive groups would show reliable blocking in memory for both groups. It is also hypothesised that there will be a weaker causal attribution for blocked cues with additive pre-training. Just like in the research done by lovibond (Lovibond P, 2003) pre-training influenced causal reasoning as blocked cues in the experiment were judged as less causal in the additive group. A significant difference in the strength of the blocking effect between groups. This adds evidence to the idea that deductive reasoning about the additive nature of causal events may contribute to the blocking effect as previously thought by other researchers. However the data does still show that even though significant difference in the strength of the blocking effect between groups Blocking still evident after non-additive pre-training, product of associative learning. Another significant result of the experiment was the data showed a strong blocking effect on memory for correct outcome. The outcomes associated with blocked cues were recalled less well than the outcomes associated with the control cues. Pervious idea about the blocking effect (Mitchell Chris, 2006) had proposed that the effect may be due to a failure to encode the B-outcome during training. The fact that data showed a blocking effect for the correct outcome shows that this may be the case. It also helps to explain why it a blocking effect has still been found even though non-additive pre-training had been part of the experiment. Previous research has shown that there are two separate ways of thinking about the blocking, the process as a result of outcome aditivty or a failure to encode the B-outcome. Our research has shown that blocking might be the result of several quite different mental processes. The fact that blocking was still evident after non-additive pre-training suggests that it may be the product of associative learning. Even when measures are taken to discount outcome aditivity a blocking effect it was still present. This means that it is likely that they both contribute to the blocking effect. This experiment needs to be replicate by other studies to ensure this conclusion is valid. It should be extended to different groups of people not just the limited selection of university students in a more scientific setting then a classroom test. It may be that a group of university student with a mean age of 21.7 may not be the best representative same of the population. It may be the lack of scientific setting effected the degree of seriousness when participant undertook the test. It might also be interesting to evaluate something other than blocking to hypothetical allergic reactions as this may in tale different assumptions about food that may have not been controlled for in this study. However students were randomly allocated to different classes for university at the start of semester so that does help with the reliability of the results. Student were also unaware what condition they were in and what was being tested by the experiment which would help prevent a selection bias . Further studies of blocking would be encouraged to eliminate some of the experimental flaws included in this study. This study does show the room needed for further research into the area of blocking as theories of blocking do not appear to be mutually exclusive but underly an associative process that has not yet been discovered. References Dickinson, Anthony. (1984). Judgement of Act-Outcome Contingency: . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A 29-50. Evan, L. (2006). The relationship between blocking and inference in causal learning. School of Psychology, University of Sydney. Kamin, L. (1969). Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning. Punishment and aversive behavior. Lovibond, P. (2003). Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity. Memory and cognition, 133-142. Mitchell, Chris. (2006). Forward blocking in human learning sometimes reflects the failure to encode a cue–outcome relationship. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 830-844.

On Certainty :: Essays Papers

On Certainty In his essay â€Å"An Argument for Skepticism†, Peter Unger makes the case for the â€Å"universal form of the skeptical thesis†. He is arguing for the position that any type of knowledge is impossible for any person. His argument seems to be a simple one, derived from two very clear hypotheses, but that is not the case. This paper is an attempt to show that while philosophically interesting, Unger’s attack on knowledge is not nearly so damaging as he contends. I will argue that Unger mischaracterizes the nature of certainty as it is ordinarily used (something he says is important to his argument), and also that he has mischaracterized one of the sources he used to defend this definition. I will then present W.V.O. Quine’s psychologically based epistemology as presented in â€Å"Epistemology Naturalized† and â€Å"Two Dogmas of Empiricism†, and argue that this theory provides a more adequate account of the way knowledge and certainty are understood. I will also attempt to address the objections to Quine’s theory raised by Jaegwon Kim. So, how does one begin an attack on all knowledge? The answer, as it turns out, is quite simply. Unger’s argument consists of only two premises. The first of these states that â€Å"If someone knows something to be so, then it is all right for the person to be absolutely certain that it is so (238).† To this is added the second premise, that â€Å"It is never all right for anyone to be absolutely certain that anything is so (238).† Clearly, the conclusion â€Å"Nobody ever knows that anything is so†(238) follows. Unger next alters these premises slightly, adding the idea of overriding considerations. The first premise is the same except with the words â€Å"†¦providing only that no overriding consideration (or considerations) make it not all right (241).† Likewise, the second premise becomes It is not the case that it is all right for someone to be absolutely certain that something is so providing only that no overriding (consideration or) considerations make it all right. (242). I am perfectly willing to grant Unger the first premise. I think that there is no problem with allowing him this, in and of itself. Even the second premise is allowable in a certain, philosophically interesting sense, and in this sense, Unger’s argument is very strong. The philosophical ideal of absolute certainty is something that I think should be given up as a vain pursuit, and I think that Unger shows this nicely.

Journey always change the people involved Essay

Journey is a movement from one place to another. Journeys have many different obstacles and challenges. Journey can either be physical, inner, imaginative and emotional. Most journeys have a purpose. The concept has been described by composers in the text ‘beneath clouds’, directed by Ivan Sen and ‘journey to freedom’, a recount by Hai Van Nguyen. In beneath clouds, Ivan Sen examines the physical and inner journey of the two main characters Lena and Vaughn. Ivan sen brings out the conflict between aboriginal and white people, as well as problems affecting both communities. In journey to freedom’, the narrator shows the different experiences and conflicts of her family, who fled from Vietnam on fishing boat in hopes for a better future. The narrator links her experiences to the situation in Australia. Both texts show the different aspects of journey through different film techniques, language, settings, symbols and dialogue. Both characters in beneath clouds are aboriginal descent and Lena is fair-skinned Australian girl who lives with her aboriginal mother and brother in a small country town. She feels that there are no life choices for her there, other than teenage pregnancy and unemployment. Vaughn is an angry aboriginal teenage boy who’s living in a minimum-security prison in a western NSW. Vaughn is hardened by his experience of the world. Vaughn feels that as an aboriginal young person, he has been victimised by white Australians. They meet on the road to Sydney. The journey brings them together. They are both searching for a purpose in life and trying to find a sense of belonging. In journey to freedom the concept of physical and inner journey, is shown through the challenges and hardships the family had to face their journey to freedom. They travelled from Vietnam to Malaysia in hopes for a better future, and ended up in a refugee camp, where they faced many challenges till eventually they were allowed in Australia. The texts shows how the journey wasn’t easy, were difficult and choices had to be made. Their journey was challenging and fear affected t heir attitudes with a new feeling of hope when a new life in their dream country was offered. These experiences made the way for her to develop a new attitude and compassion for the refugees in Australia. The hardships allowed her to maintain her understanding of the world. The settings in beneath clouds, the physical environment changes to reflect  the changing emotions of the characters. Their journey takes them through different settings – from the desert and dry lands to train trucks and cities. The settings changed constantly to reflect the changing emotions of the characters. The dead butterfly symbolises the worthless of her life, and her neat room shows what Lena is searching for. In journey to freedom, a recount gives a detailed series of events explained to show the experience of her family during their journey. The reader is able to imagine and develop an understanding and obstacles written by the narrator. It has enhanced our understanding of the world around them as well as develops an awareness of the current problems. Journey change the people involved as seen in the characters of the two texts. In beneath clouds, the journey of Lena and Vaughn is a journey to get accepted in their community/society. Lie is a journey that we all make and it could be a search for love or freedom as in journey to freedom. Along the way life is a journey filled with decisions and choices. Lena and Vaughn had an aim in their physical and inner journey, Lena outgrows her hatred towards aboriginals and Vaughn has a better understanding of the world and his attitude towards all white people changes. The narrator in journey to freedom gets what she wanted after she was granted entre in Australia. Her journey has altered her perceptions of the world around them. To conclude, through a variety of film techniques and languages, the composers of the two texts have shown how journey always change the people involved.

Muscle Building Essays

Muscle Building Essays Muscle Building Essay Muscle Building Essay LEGAL STUFF  © 2011 and Beyond, Elliott Hulse Mike Westerdal All Rights Reserved. International Copyright www. LeanHybridMuscle. com This publication is fully copyrighted and does not come with giveaway or resale rights. You may not sell or redistribute this report. It is reserved solely for paid members of LeanHybridMuscle. com. Copyright and illegal distribution violations will be prosecuted. This document has been watermarked with a digital GPS identification tag. NOTICE The information presented is not intended for the treatment or prevention of disease, nor is it a substitute for medical treatment, nor as an alternative to medical advice. This publication is presented for information purposes, to increase the public knowledge of developments in the field of strength and conditioning. The program outlined herein should not be adopted without a consultation with your health professional. Use of the information provided is at the sole choice and risk of the reader. You must get your physician’s approval before beginning this or any other exercise or nutrition program. This information is not a prescription. Consult your doctor, nutritionist or dietician for further information. The information contained in this document will help you build muscle and burn fat as fast as possible. It utilizes methods and techniques that we fully explore within our Best Selling Lean Hybrid Muscle RELOAdEd system. Having said that enjoy the preview†¦ INTROduCINg Muscle shifTing DocTrine WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 3 The You don’t need to be a scientist to read this report. In fact my friend Elliott Hulse and I are not doctors with access to research facilities. We aren’t even trying to peddle any supplements if you can imagine that. We’re just two regular dudes that have stumbled upon a very fast way to build muscle and burn fat. The cool thing is, we both have tough skin. Often times people don’t agree with us and that is fine. The training methods and information we’re going to share with you can be considered controversial. Check em out and decide for yourself if you think this is something that can help you like it has helped so many others. In fact when Elliott and I first started talking about building muscle and burning fat at the same time over a year ago it was met with a lot of criticism from industry experts. As the results kept pouring in, many of these â€Å"experts† have now changed their tune and admitted that it is possible to both build and burn at the same time. Welcome to the bandwagon. Are you sick and tired of bulking up just to gain unwanted fat and the having to diet down just to lose hard earned strength and muscle? We sure are! There is a better way. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 4 We’re here to tell you that it is possible to tone and build your muscles while decreasing body fat. ? Think you can’t change your muscle fiber type? versus calories out? Think again. Sure you can. Think muscle building and fat burning is all about calories in ? Have you been brainwashed to think eating fats are bad for you and going to give you high cholesterol? Who Is This Report For? This is for anyone that wants to transform their physique by creating dense thick muscle while lowering body fat. This report was also written for those that are willing to break the rules and try something new and different. If you’re willing to keep an open mind and think for yourself this report is dedicated to you! We are going to refer to the process of both Building Muscle Burning Fat in the same training period as MUSCLE SHIFTING. MUSCLE SHIFTING is the process of transforming our physiques to be stronger and leaner with more endurance. MUSCLE SHIFTING is accomplished by focusing on three main strategies that we plan on covering in much more depth over the next week and a half. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 5 #1 Training: Using hybrid training to develop muscles with biologically superior capabilities. #2 Nutrition: We will rotate Nutrition Strategies To Keep The Body From Adapting #3 Hormones: Using the body’s traffic cops to our advantage Creed 1: Build Type III Super Muscles With greater Mitochondrial density Our bodies are made up of different types of muscle fibers. Type I fibers are known as ‘slow twitch’ fibers and have a high resistance to fatigue while Type II fibers are known as ‘fast twitch’ fibers and have a low resistance to fatigue. Slow twitch fibers support aerobic activities while fast twitch fibers are built for weightlifting and other activities that require short bursts of energy. Guys who are built with lots of Type I muscle fibers make great marathon runners but terrible weightlifters. Likewise, guys who are mostly made up of Type II fibers are ideally built to WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 6 ift weights but poorly suited for long-term aerobic activities such as long distance running. However, by applying certain scientific principles, it is possible to create hybrid super muscles that have the best characteristics of both Type I and Type II muscle fibers. To create these ‘hybrid super muscles’ we are reconfiguring Type I and Type II muscle fibers into a new variety of muscle fiber (Type III) that has endurance, strength and greater mitochondrial density. The greater the mitochondrial density, the more energy we have available for our muscles. Mitochondria are essentially the muscle cells’ powerhouses, taking nutrients, breaking them down and producing energy for the muscle cells. The form of energy used to power our cells is known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When you increase the mitochondrial density of muscle fibers, you boost mitochondrial capacity to burn fat for conversion into ATP. This enhanced utilization of fat for energy brings about a process known as ‘muscle shifting,’ which results in stronger muscles, increased lean muscle mass and a decrease in body fat. Also, as part of the muscle shifting process, a key function of greater mitochondrial density is to increase the capacity of the Type II muscle fibers to resist fatigue, thereby pushing them towards conversion to hybrid super muscles. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 7 How do we do this? Read the next tactic. Creed 2: utilize Resistance Cardio One of the amazing qualities of super hybrid muscle fibers is that they utilize more fat for energy than ordinary muscle fibers. That’s great because one of our primary goals is to keep body fat to a minimum. Our other primary goal though is to build bigger, stronger muscles. Fortunately, muscle shifting- creating super hybrid muscles- provides the body a tremendous advantage for building lean mass. The advantage stems from the fact that Type III muscles have the best qualities of both Type I and Type II muscles- meaning that you have muscle fibers that are both strong and resistant to fatigue. Therefore, because these muscle fibers don’t behave like ordinary muscle fibers, they need to be trained using different techniques, approaches and strategies. Ordinary training techniques won’t produce the results we want. To build super hybrid muscles, you need to utilize a multi-faceted training approach that incorporates elements that would individually be used to train Type I and Type II muscle fibers. In other words, we need to combine training techniques used for ordinary muscle fibers in order to facilitate muscle shifting and WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 8 address the unique characteristics of the resulting Type III muscle fibers. And the best way to do that is to utilize a training approach that includes a strong emphasis on both resistance (weight) training and cardio at the same time. Traditional training strategies use one or the other- not both. Combining the two into a hybrid training strategy produces results far superior to those that you could achieve through ordinary weight training or cardio training alone. EXAMPLES Tabata Using Tabata means alternating 20 seconds of exercise with 10 seconds of rest, nonstop for 8 sets. Unlike HIIT we typically prescribe for conditioning, but similar in its fat burning effectiveness, this style of training can be adapted any exercise; dumbell presses, barbell rows, jumping rope, rowing, push ups, whatever! It’s painful, but the results are worth it! KB Swings The swing maximizes muscular endurance in the back and waist, is a great lower body strength builder and is a highly effective conditioning exercise. 1) The starting position of the Two Arm Kettlebell Swing is with the kettlebell on the ground in front of you, knees bent, your weight centered towards your heels and your back flat WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 9 2) Start the movement by hiking the kettlebell behind you and then drive your hips forward to propel the kettlebell through its arc. The movement is similar to performing a standing broad jump, but of course you stay in the same spot 3) Your arms are just hooks and the power comes from the movement of the hips and the muscles of the posterior chain ie, hamstrings, glutes, lower back. 4) Swing the kettlebell to about chest height. At the top of the movement breathe out whilst contracting your quads, glutes and your abs (by tilting your pelvis up). 5) Breathe in and hold your breath as you let the kettlebell free fall back between your legs so that it passes through your legs as high as possible (to keep the arc tight and to stop unnecessary ulling on your back). Aim for your groin and then get your groin out of the way by taking you hips back 6) Although different trainees will have varying amount of knee bend the important thing is that the hips go back and thrust forward and that the quads do not take over the exercise. You should feel the movement in your hamstrings. If your quads are instead fatiguing then you are not taking the hips back at the bottom of the movement. Kettlebell swings are a fantastic exercise for fitness and conditioning and to develop strength and power in the posterior chain. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 10 Barbell Complexes â€Å"Barbell Complexes† are one of the most challenging types of Hybrid Conditioning that I’ve ever done! A Barbell Complex is a series of 6 to 10 movements, with no rest between each movement. Basically, you’ll pick up a barbell or a pair of dumbbells and you won’t put the weight down until all movements are finished. These workouts will make you angry, mad, sick and sad†¦ then you will vomit. But they work like hell for getting you lean and jacked. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 11 HERE ARE TWo EXAMPLES: BAd ASS BARBELL CoMPLEX Overhead squat for 10 reps Hang clean for 10 reps Standing military press for 10 reps Bentover row for 10 reps Lunge for 10 reps on each leg Romanian deadlift for 20 reps Front squat for 10 reps Sprint 50 yards Cheat Curl to press for 10 reps Standing Front Plate Raise for 10 reps with each arm Forward lunge for 10 reps with each leg Bentover alternating row for 10 reps with each arm Reverse lunge with overhead press for 10 reps with each leg Romanian deadlift for 20 reps Sprint 50 yards For the barbell complex, start with an unloaded bar. When you can bang out the exercises with no problem, then add another 5 lb plate to each side of the bar and keep going! For the dumbbell complex, start with 10 25 lbs and go heavier as you get in better shape. BAd ASS duMBBELL CoMPLEX WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 12 Creed 3: Train Concurrently for Multiple goals For many years now ‘bulking and cutting’ has been the most widely used strategy for gaining mass and getting lean. Bulking is the process where you work out really hard, eat a lot and don’t do any cardio. The idea is to put your body into ‘mass building’ mode so that you get really big. But because you inevitably pack on excess fat along with the muscle, you then have to go through the cutting process to shed the unwanted fat. During the cutting phase you decrease your caloric intake and ramp up the amount of time you spend doing cardio. It sounds great in theory but in practice it doesn’t work so well. First, it’s not good for the body to be pushed along a roller coaster ride of ups and downs. Second, when you’re in the cutting cycle, there’s no way to avoid muscle loss because of all the cardio you’re forced to do to get lean. You wind up going from fat but strong to lean but weak. And lastly, bulking and cutting can lead to insulin resistance, meaning that the body’s hormones become less effective at lowering blood sugar- resulting in more body fat and putting you at risk of developing serious health issues. The best way to approach this is to concurrently train to build muscle and lose fat at the same time. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 13 By using hybrid training and synergistic nutrition strategies this is entirely possible because instead of the ‘calories in calories burnt’ approach, you focus on manipulating the hormone systems- aka the ‘traffic cops’ that manage the body’s metabolism. Hybrid training is it at the heart of this strategy because by simultaneously incorporating both strength and endurance training, it works in harmony with the body’s natural systems, optimizing fat loss and mass gains. The nutrition approach focuses on the consumption of whole, unprocessed foods that include the proper balance of lean proteins, healthy fats and complex carbs combined with strategically-established periods of periods of negative energy balance. This systemic, hormone management approach allows you to simultaneously achieve your goals of building lean mass while cutting unwanted body fat. Creed 4: different Sources of Calories = different Results Instead of counting calories pay attention to the quality of your calories. It is important to note that not all calories are created equal. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 14 The truth is that different sources of calories will provide different results. Energy from the foods we eat comes from fats, carbohydrates and proteins- all of which are metabolized differently in the body. Additionally, within each of these categories there are metabolic distinctions as well. Saturated fats are not metabolized the same as unsaturated fats and complex carbs are metabolized differently than simple carbs. Because the hormonal response varies depending on the food source, these are important differences that you need to understand when planning your nutritional strategies. For example, the consumption of protein provokes a greater thermic effect than the consumption of carbs or fats. Thermic effect refers to the amount of energy the body uses to process food. The lower the thermic effect the easier it is for food to be turned into body fat. While proteins have the greatest thermic effect, saturated fats and simple carbs have the lowest. Now you know why consuming a 500-calorie donut is going to stimulate an entirely different hormonal response that getting that same 500 calories from organic chicken breast and steamed veggies. In fact the other day I read something that stood out to me in the WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 15 4-Hour Body by Tim Ferris. Way back in 1956, an interesting study was conducted by researchers Kekwick and Pawan. They compared three groups of persons on calorically equal diets of 90% fat, 90% carbs, 90% fat. Though the number of calories each group consumed every day was the same, as shown below, the outcomes were very different: ? 1000 calories at 90% fat = weight loss of . 9 lbs per day ? 1000 calories at 90% protein = weight loss of . 6 lbs per day ? 1000 calories at 90% carbs = . 24lbs of weight gain So you see that not only do you need to think about what foods you put into your mouth but also about the hormonal responses those foods will initiate and how they will impact your metabolism. Creed 5: Rotate Nutrition Strategies Our incredible ability to adapt is one of the human body’s most amazing qualities. Adaptability has not only been a key to our continued survival for thousands of years but it is also a cornerstone of the body’s optimal state of functionality. Our bodies get bored just like our minds do when faced with the same situations day in and day out. The mind doesn’t perform optimally when it’s bored and neither does the body. Actually, it’s just the opposite- our minds and our bodies function best when challenged and forced to adapt to new situations. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 16 In fact, adaptation is the whole basis of muscle growth and strength gains. When you lift weights, you are stressing the muscle cells. In reaction to this stress, the body ‘improves’ the muscle- making it bigger and stronger- so the next time you perform that same movement or exercise, there will be less ‘stress’ on the muscle. When it comes to nutrition, our bodies operate the same way. Our bodies obviously need energy to function- the energy we use is derived from the foods we eat. Maintaining the same nutritional strategy over and over for extended periods of time leads to diminishing returns because our bodies get accustomed to the same inputs every day. Essentially, you hit a plateau, just like you eventually do when you don’t vary your weight training routine. But switch things up and all of sudden you see quick results- until the body gets used to that change. Then you need to switch to something else to get results again. Regular rotation of nutritional strategies keeps the body’s hormonal systems from getting accustomed to a particular diet or nutrition approach. And since the hormonal systems are the body’s traffic cops, charged with managing metabolism, regularly switching things up optimizes fat loss, strength gains and increases in lean muscle mass. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 17 Creed 6: Fasting for Anabolic Fat Loss Fasting is the act of ‘willingly abstaining from food. ’ It has been practiced by humans for thousands of years. It is practiced for a variety of reasons including religion, as a form of protest as well as for health. A fast can be as short as just a few hours or could last up to a week or more. Though an ancient practice, fasting has recently stepped back into the spotlight due to its effectiveness as a technique for stimulating anabolic fat loss. Most people tend to think that fasting leads to rapid loss of muscle mass, leaving you gaunt and weaklooking. While that may be true for the ‘hardcore’ faster, for the strategic, occasional faster, that’s just not the case. In reality, strategic use of fasting can facilitate the loss of fat, without losing muscle mass (which is why it’s referred to as anabolic fat loss). This is possible because short, occasional periods of fasting activate a number of metabolic shifts in the body that signal the body to burn stored fat for energy. It is the frequent and longer-term periods of fasting that lead to loss of muscle mass, not just body fat. The hormonal shifts that we’re oncerned with begin shortly after the absorption of a meal is complete- typically between three and five hours after eating. For our purposes, the ideal period of fasting is from 3 up to 24 hours, WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 18 no longer than that. This is the ideal time period because the human body is naturally programmed to burn fat, not muscle, during brief periods of fasting. And since a reg ular, purposeful regimen of fasting is in tune with the ideal functioning of our hormonal regulatory systems it does not diminish performance either. As long as you don’t fast all the time but do it strategically, you can achieve some remarkable loss of unwanted body fat. Creed 7: Partitioning Helps You Build Muscle Burn Fat At The Same Time We’ve pointed out that hormones are the ‘traffic cops’ that direct the activities and responses that manage the body’s metabolic systems. We can have an impact on the way that hormones manage traffic in our body by manipulating factors such as diet, activity levels, weight training, sleeping, resting, managing stress levels and others. Influencing the hormonal traffic cops provides a measure of control over the operation of our metabolic systems. One particularly strong influence we can have is on how our hormonal traffic cops partition the energy our bodies use. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 19 When it comes to energy storage and usage, the body uses the same banks- fat, glycogen, muscle tissue or proteins- to deposit or withdraw energy. The process of managing where energy is deposited or withdrawn from is known as energy partitioning. Diet has an especially strong impact on the way our metabolic systems partition energy. Interestingly, evidence indicates that brief, strategic periods of under eating can manipulate the hormonal traffic cops to tell the body to partition energy to allow for the simultaneous building of muscle and burning fat. This is made possible in part because these controlled periods of under eating trigger the release of Growth Hormone. One of the key functions of Growth Hormone is to maintain growth and lean body mass during short periods of time when we don’t have access to food. This occurs because Growth Hormone mobilizes fat fuel energy to be redirected (partitioned) to protein synthesis (muscle growth). Our bodies are not designed to maintain muscle mass during extended periods of under eating- these situations trigger a survival response where the body is going to use anything and everything- including muscle- for fuel. But they are however, optimally designed to manage short, controlled periods of under eating, allowing us to convert excess body fat into lean muscle mass. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 20 Bonus Creed: Eat High Fat Meals to Promote Steroid Production Fats have gotten a really bad rap over the past 15-20 years. It seems like the day after food manufacturers figured out how to make ‘low-fat’ and ‘fat-free’ foods, the press started publishing stories about the dangers of fats, how they were responsible for the obesity epidemic and how bad they are for the body. But here we are 20 years later and Americans are fatter than ever before, despite all the low-fat and fat-free foods they’re eating. Seems like fats weren’t the culprit after all and in reality, it turns out that fats actually play an important role building bigger, stronger muscles. You know that the body produces steroid hormones (e. g. testosterone) that drive muscle growth and strength gains. The metabolic processes that trigger the production of steroid hormones are driven in large part by the foods we eat. Well, researchers have found that maintaining a low-fat, low-calorie diets appears to suppress the body’s production of steroid hormones. So cutting fats of your diet is not only a mostly ineffective strategy WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 21 for getting lean, but it’s also got some unwanted side effects such as reduced muscle mass and strength caused by diminished production of steroid hormones. Fortunately, we have a lot more knowledge today than we did in years past. And what we know today is that an occasional high fat meal is not just tasty and satisfying, but it promotes natural steroid production as well. Normally, when planning what foods to eat as part of your get lean/build muscle diet, you should choose healthy, unsaturated fats over saturated fats, which have a lower thermic effect and in general are less healthy. However, to really stimulate the production of steroid hormones, it’s perfectly acceptable- and recommended- to occasionally eat high fat foods such as a good juicy burger without being concerned about unsaturated versus saturated fat content. Do this from time to time and you’ll find that it’s good for both the mind and the body. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 22 What’s Next guys? We really hope you enjoyed this FREE Report and acquired some valuable information that will help you jumpstart your own transformation. When you build muscle and burn fat you become a new person, a new you. Just because this report was free, do not discount the information. A lot of people have already put these tips to the test. But we’re not done yet. If you enjoyed this report you’ll love this follow up Presentation we put together for you. Strange Methods To Incenerate â€Å"Spongy Fat Weight† Build Lean Muscle Tone 173% Faster leanhybridmuscle. com/free-presentation. php Stay Lean and Mean, Mike Elliott P. S. We’ve got a ton of new content and fun information coming at you over the few days. If you’re not on our email list you can register here to get notified about updates. WWW. LEANH YBRIDMUSCLE. COM 23 ABouT The AuThors My name is Mike Westerdal and many of you know me as the founder of one of the biggest weight lifting sites on the Web, CriticalBench. com. Here’s my story and how I got involved with this project. Like many of you I played sports in high school. I walked on the football team in college and played four years of D-IAA football. Keeping my body lean and strong during that period of my life wasn’t a problem. After all, we had practice, mandatory weight lifting sessions, morning running, and a very positive environment for keeping the body in an overall anabolic state. As the post-college years kept passing by, I found myself being less and less active. Don’t get me wrong, I found a new passion and started testing my merit in amateur powerlifting over the past few years; it has kept me really motivated and I do love the competition. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ something is missing. I’ve gotten a lot stronger but I’ve also gained over 25 lbs! It’s kind of embarrassing actually. Here I am preaching on the Internet and trying to help others stay fit and I go right ahead and pack on some unneeded pounds. Let me vent for a second. I’m 35 years young now and over the past few years I’ve felt like I’ve had to choose between being lean and WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 24 weak or strong and fat. I’m sick of the choice and I want it all. I want to be lean and strong at the same time, for good. I don’t want to bulk up and add muscle mass getting fat, just to lose it all when trying to drop the fat and acquire muscle definition. With Hybrid training you too will discover that you can take the best of several training styles and do them all concurrently. I have to admit at first I wanted to keep this information to myself because I was making such rapid gains when I combined this kind of training with some new â€Å"Hybrid Diet† strategies, but Elliott convinced me the right thing to do is bring this information to the forefront. I almost eel like it’s my responsibility to do so since I can reach so many people online. Besides, I remember what it used to feel like to be so confused with all the different routines and supplements when I was a teenager reading the muscle magazines. I don’t want anyone else to feel that way. Just do us one favor okay? We got kind of caught off guard by the popularity of all this. So please just be patient with us. Ell iott runs a gym called, Strength Camp where he trains athletes plus he has a wife and FOUR kids, so you can imagine his schedule is pretty full. Operating CriticalBench. om takes a huge amount of leg work on my part PLUS I’m actually expecting a baby with my wife Courtney in a couple months! Lots to do to get ready for that as well O WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 25 So we’ve both got a lot on our plate but we’ve both made the decision that we’re going to stay up late a few nights a week and do what it takes to continue sharing this journey with you. It’s humbling to get all the life changing emails and we both want to thank you for your interest and all the positive feedback. It really makes it all worthwhile. A lot of underground gyms across the country have implemented Lean Hybrid Muscle training. With your help over the past few months we’ve really made some exciting strides that you can read all about on the following web page: leanhybridmuscle. com/build-muscle. php Keep training hard, Mike WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 26 Who the heck is elliott hulse? Elliott was born in Brooklyn, NY and grew up on Long Island. The oldest of four siblings and child to Belizian immigrants, Elliott has always been obsessed with health, fitness and becoming the strongest version of himself. As a child Elliott’s Uncle Elroy lived as a member of the Hulse household. Uncle Elroy was an ex-gymnast, a Black Belt in Northern Shaolin Kung Fu, a marathon runner, a bodybuilder and would become, later in life, a strength and conditioning coach. Elliott began training with Uncle Elroy, with his brothers, using bodyweight exercises and odd objects at the tender age of four. In high school, Uncle Elroy taught Elliott how to train with barbells, dumbbells and plyometrics. As a result Elliott earned an athletic scholarship to play football for a Division 1aa program. After earning his bachelor’s degree, Elliott studied Exercise Physiology in graduate school. Elliott has interned and studied under some of the best experts in the field of strength, health and fitness. Experts such as Paul Chek, Joe Kenn and Tom Mitchell have had a tremendous impact on Elliott’s training philosophies and convictions. WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 27 Why Should I Listen To Him? Today Elliott is the founder and owner of Strength Camp, a sports training facility in St. Petersburg Florida where he trains baseball, football, and high school wrestlers to get stronger and more explosive in their sports. Elliott is also a professional strongman, as well an author and publisher of over 50 books, audios and DVDs online. He is also the publisher of HulseStrength. com and he supports other strength, fitness and health experts in sharing their knowledge through his publishing company, Hulse Strength Publishing. We Saved The Best For Last! Click here to get our 2 Best Strategies for Building Muscle and Burning Fat! With These 2 unique Strategies You’ll Pack On dense Ripped Muscle By â€Å"SHIFTINg† Your Muscle Fiber Type Into A Biologically Superior Type III Hybrid Muscle That utilizes 173% More Fat For Energy! leanhybridmuscle. com/free-presentation. php WWW. LEANHYBRIDMUSCLE. COM 28

Immigration into America essays

Immigration into America essays In the eyes of the early American colonists and the founders of the Constitution, the United States was to represent the ideals of acceptance and tolerance to those of all walks of life. When the immigration rush began in the mid-1800s, America proved to be everything but that. The millions of immigrants would soon realize the meaning of hardship and rejection as newcomers, as they attempted to assimilate into American culture. For countless immigrants, the struggle to arrive in America was rivaled only by the struggle to gain acceptance among the existing American population. It has been said that immigration is as old as America itself. Immigration traces back as far as the 1500s when the West faced the coming of the Spanish. At that time, the Americas had been settled by the Indians, who were soon threatened by the first immigrants of America. These Spanish conquerors threatened to undermine the culture of the Indians as well as their way of life. Evidently, immigration started from the beginning of our countrys time and has had an everlasting effect on America today. Between 1880 and 1920 almost twenty-four million immigrants came to the United States. Between better salaries, religious freedom, and a chance to get ahead in life, were more than enough reasons for leaving their homelands for America. Because of poverty, no future and various discrimination in their homelands, the incentive to leave was increasing. During the mid-1800s and early 1900s, the labor and farm hands in Eastern Europe were only earning about 15 to 30 a day. In America, they earned 50 cents to one dollat in a day, doubling their paycheck. Those lower wage earners in their homeland were stuck in lowest paid jobs and had no chances to upgrade themselves. Many left their homelands in search of a better life and soon, word got out on how great things were in America. The job recruiters form America hung poster...

Use of Torture to Gain Intelligence Research Paper

Use of Torture to Gain Intelligence - Research Paper Example There are various reasons for torture. They include punishment, revenge, political re-education, deterrence, interrogation or coercion. Mostly the torture proves to be deliberately fatal, however, most of the time this is not the case and killing and injuring the victim is not the sole purpose. According to research, torture is not a very good way of obtaining information and actionable intelligence. This is because after a person received physical or psychological punishment, the mind breaks down as a result of which the information is subject to inaccuracies in memory recall. It was until the development of Humanism in the 17th century, deliberately painful methods of execution for severe crimes was taken as granted as part of justice. Torture was sanctioned by some states previously. In the 21st century, most of the countries have prohibited torture under the international and domestic laws. Under the UN convention and declaration of human rights, it is unacceptable and is conside red the violation of human rights. One of the most controversial aspects of the global ‘war on terror’ was the use of torture during interrogations. The United States of America administration for combating the threat of global terrorism developed several new methods. This happened after the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. The detention and interrogation of the suspected terrorists have been the central to the United States struggle against global terrorism (Walton, 2008). According to the international laws of warfare, the same rules of lawful combatants were not applicable for detained terrorists since they were not fighting as lawful combatants. However, some policymakers of the US argued that the use of torture should be legalized to gain intelligence under certain extreme circumstances. During the Algerian war of Independence (1954-1962), the French armed forces along with the Algerian National Liberation Front (FNL) made use of torture.

Justify Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Justify Research Design - Essay Example Thus among the different forensic methods , a few of them are used often . This necessitates the need to identify and upgrade those particular forensic methods , that are most utilized . The proposed research intends to evaluate the utility of the different Forensic disciplines and compare their contribution to crime resolution in major departments like United States – army , navy and air force investigative services . The identity of the frequently used forensic method would be used to improve or upgrade them . In order to have an accurate evaluation of the most utilized forensic method , the research design proposed is the Quantitative method . Quantitative research is systematic approach that is objective and formal in nature . In this quantitative research information are extracted in the numerical form . As stated by Guba & Lincoln (2005) , â€Å"the quantitative methodology is based on the positivist paradigm of knowledge†. Data collection in quantitative method could be by survey or tracking or experimental . This research chooses to collect the data by the tracking method . In this tracking method , the usage of different forensic methods are to be tracked and recorded so that they could be analyzed statistically . It has been proposed to collect the data form the Federal lab in United States . Also , a large sample size of the data source , helps in accurate deduction of the research outcome . The quantitative variable that has been proposed to be measured is the usage or utility rate of the forensic methods . This variable has to be measured with the help of ordinal scale which is a pre defined numerical that could be used to represent the extend of use of that forensic method . The ordinal scale may be chosen to be like this : 1 - seldom used , 2- fairly used , 3 moderately used , 4 – highly used , 5 – frequently used

Code switching between English and other languages Essay

Code switching between English and other languages - Essay Example In bilingual or multilingual communities the use of language occurs in a harmonizing way as the speaker shifts between languages as to execute their function which can be either approaching economic need or developing a friendly relationship. Lets take an example of a dialogue held between two Indian speakers who are code-switching between English, Hindi and Kannada. Jayalakshmi, one of the speakers, before presenting her analysis of the conversation held with her friend with reference to code-switching introduces herself as a multilingual. India, a large part of south Asia, remained under British rule for almost ninety years and during this period English remained an official language so it was widely learnt formally. Even after getting independence English remained there as an official language and Hindi became the national language. According to Hewings and Tagg Language policy is introduced in a country by its politicians when a huge political change takes place e.g. after independence or a war. The official language of a country gets a high status and used at institutional, government and international level whereas the national language is marked for its national identity which possesses social and cultural values (Hewings and Tagg (edds) 2012). From Jaya’s commentary we come to know that she speaks a variety of languages which include Hindi as her national language, Kannada as her mother tongue, Bengali as her neighbours communicated in it and some other regional languages. When we hear Jaya’s conversation with her colleague on her workplace we apprehend that English has been used as an official language. Nitin speaks most of English while discussing an official problem and his switching less to other languages is an outcome of the influence of Jaya’s abode which is England. It is noteworthy that Jaya who is supposed to bring a solution to Nitin’s problem unconsciously switch to

Digital Learning Environment Essay Example for Free

Digital Learning Environment Essay In the statement â€Å"Recently, there were two recent cover stories in Time Magazine: Their conclusion was that children today are different. In fact, based on what we now know from the neurosciences and psychological sciences, what we’re now beginning to understand is that children today are FUNDAMENTALLY different than we are in the way they think, in the way they access, absorb, interpret, process and use information, and in the way they view, interact, and communicate in the modern world because of their experiences with digital technologies. If this is the case, it holds profound implications for all of us personally and professionally.† I truly believe it’s true. I feel that we are surrounded by digital devices that were not there when I was young. There is new technology that comes out every day and eventually I believe that will be on only way of life in everything we do. I do feel that today’s learners have a different way of learning than we did in the past. I feel there are so many different factors that have changed how today children learns, thinking, etc. I believe the main factor is all the new technology that comes out daily. I feel that technology has been taken for granted for many different ways especially in the learning environment. For example, when I was in high school I had to go to the library to check out books to complete a research paper but in today’s world students just type what they are looking for on the computer and the web provides the answer. I feel it has taken away the experience of how to research something. People can learn so much more when they actually have to do the leg work on researching than just sitting on the couch and typing up the question and the computer does the work. I believe that it can show some laziness on the student’s part because it is others that have done the work and not them. The whole digital world has taken away a person’s creativity, personality (their own work), etc. I feel that having hands on and thinking skills expands their thought process and creative process where they utilizing their own thoughts and not anyone else’s. I feel at times that I would utilize the physical act of learning something instead of them researching on computers websites, etc. I also would have them use their own thoughts and try to learn to have an open mind to take in suggestions from other people. I will ensure that I give them the opportunity to learn from their own experiences with the help and guidance from myself and other adults. I feel this will get to use their own knowledge in cases where they don’t have the digital resources due to batteries going dead or don’t have the access.